上一篇文章boost容器中留下一个property_tree 没有学,觉得既然 boost 提供了 property_tree 这样好的工具来给C++ 解析xml和Json,必须要留有一定的篇幅来讲它。

原先项目中使用到JSON,需要使用C++解析一段返回值, JSON 格式如下:

{
  "ret": "101",
  "error": [
    {
      "errortype": "A0001",
      "errorstroke": {
        "0": "0.2",
        "1": "0.3"
      }
    },
    {
      "errortype": "A0021",
      "errorstroke": {
        "0": "0.2",
        "1": "0.3"
      }
    }
  ]
}

error 字段是一个数组,数组中的每个元素都是一个对象Object,每个Object中是一个键值对,其中 errorstroke 同样包含一个对象。我们都知道JSON只包含三种数据结构,矢量,数组和映射(参考),这样无疑给我们的解析工作带来很多遍历,这三种数据结构几乎可以将时间所有的信息包含进去。

下面就是解析这段 JSON 字符串的具体代码:(注意将JSON字符串 escape)

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <string>

using namespace boost::property_tree;

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    std::string str_json = "{\"ret\":\"101\",\"error\":[{\"errortype\":\"A0001\",\"errorstroke\":{\"0\":\"0.2\",\"1\":\"0.3\"}},{\"errortype\":\"A0021\",\"errorstroke\":{\"0\":\"0.2\",\"1\":\"0.3\"}}]}";

    ptree pt;                       //define property_tree object
    std::stringstream ss(str_json);
    try {
        read_json(ss, pt);          //parse json
    } catch (ptree_error & e) {
        return 1;
    }

    std::cout << pt.get<std::string>("ret") << std::endl;
    ptree errortype = pt.get_child("error");            // get_child to get errors

    // first way
    for (boost::property_tree::ptree::iterator it = errortype.begin(); it != errortype.end(); ++it) {
        std::cout << it->first;
        std::cout << it->second.get<std::string>("errortype") << std::endl;
        ptree errorstroke = it->second.get_child("errorstroke");
        for (ptree::iterator iter = errorstroke.begin(); iter != errorstroke.end(); ++iter) {
            std::string key = iter->first;
            std::cout << iter->first << std::endl;
            std::cout << iter->second.data() << std::endl;
        }
    }

    // second way: using boost foreach feature
//    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type &v, errortype){
//        ptree& childparse = v.second;
//        std::cout << childparse.get<std::string>("errortype") << std::endl;
//        ptree errorstroke = childparse.get_child("errorstroke");
//        BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type& w, errorstroke){
//            std::cout << w.first << std::endl;
//            std::cout << w.second.data() << std::endl;
//        }
//    }
    return 0;
}

代码的输出:

 101
 A0001
 0
 0.2
 1
 0.3
 A0021
 0
 0.2
 1
 0.3

再换用另外一段 JSON 尝试解析,从下面这段 JSON 中能够轻易的看出 JSON 内部的结构,支持的数据结构和类型:

{
  "array": [
    1,
    2,
    3
  ],
  "boolean": true,
  "null": null,
  "number": 123,
  "object": {
    "a": "b",
    "c": "d",
    "e": "f"
  },
  "string": "Hello World"
}

具体解析代码:

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost::property_tree;

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    std::string str_json = "{\"array\":[1,2,3],\"boolean\":true,\"null\":null,\"number\":123,\"object\":{\"a\":\"b\",\"c\":\"d\",\"e\":\"f\"},\"string\":\"Hello World\"}";

    ptree pt;                       //define property_tree object
    std::stringstream ss(str_json);
    try {
        read_json(ss, pt);          //parse json
    } catch (ptree_error & e) {
        return 1;
    }

    ptree arraypt =pt.get_child("array");
    for (boost::property_tree::ptree::iterator it = arraypt.begin(); it != arraypt.end(); ++it) {
        cout << it->second.data() << " ";
    }
    cout << endl;

    std::cout << pt.get<bool>("boolean") << std::endl;
    std::cout << pt.get<std::string>("null") << std::endl;
    std::cout << pt.get<int>("number") << std::endl;
    std::cout << pt.get<std::string>("string") << std::endl;
    ptree opt = pt.get_child("object");

    BOOST_FOREACH(ptree::value_type &v, opt){
        cout << v.first << " : ";
        cout << v.second.data() << endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

利用 Boost property_tree 构造 JSON 字串,以下代码能够构造上面的JSON:

#include <iostream>
#include <boost/property_tree/ptree.hpp>
#include <boost/property_tree/json_parser.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
using namespace boost::property_tree;

int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {

    std::string str_json = "{\"array\":[1,2,3],\"boolean\":true,\"null\":null,\"number\":123,\"object\":{\"a\":\"b\",\"c\":\"d\",\"e\":\"f\"},\"string\":\"Hello World\"}";

    ptree root, arr,object;
    arr.push_back(std::make_pair("","1"));
    arr.push_back(std::make_pair("","2"));
    arr.push_back(std::make_pair("","3"));

    object.put("a","b");
    object.put("c","d");
    object.put("e","f");

    root.add_child("array", arr);
    bool boolvalue = true;
    root.put("boolean",boolvalue);
    root.put("null","null");
    int num = 123;
    root.put("number",num);
    root.add_child("object",object);
    root.put("string","Hello World");

    //write_json("out.json", root);
    stringstream s;
    write_json(s, root, false);
    string out = s.str();
    cout << out ;
    return 0;
}

两个有用的JSON工具:

Boost property_tree 解析 XML 可参考这篇文章 ,解释得非常清楚。