Elasticsearch 既然作为一个全文检索引擎,那么自然需要将数据导入,让 Elasticsearch 去索引。
Elasticsearch(后简写为 ES) 的基本单元是文档,使用 JSON 来描述。
有很多方法可以把数据导入到 ES:
- RESTful 接口
- Bulk API 批量导入
- elasticsearch-dump
- Logstash 将收集的数据导入
Prerequisite
导入数据前要了解的知识。
- Cluster,集群,通常由多个节点组成 ES 集群
- Index,通常称为索引,文档的属性
- Document,文档,JSON 格式定义的数据
- Shard,分片,索引会水平分片
- Replicas,ES 允许用户创建索引和分片的 Replicas
RESTful 接口导入
如果数据文件比较简单,只有单层 JSON 结构,并且小于 1MB,可以使用 POST 请求直接将数据提交到 ES。
假设有数据 accounts.json
:
{"account_number":1,"balance":39225,"firstname":"Amber","lastname":"Duke","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"880 Holmes Lane","employer":"Pyrami","email":"[email protected]","city":"Brogan","state":"IL"}
然后可以使用如下命令导入:
curl -u admin:my_elastic_pass -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -XPOST 'http://localhost:9200/accounts/_doc/_bulk?pretty' --data-binary @accounts.json
返回:
{
"_index" : "accounts",
"_id" : "_bulk",
"_version" : 1,
"result" : "created",
"_shards" : {
"total" : 2,
"successful" : 1,
"failed" : 0
},
"_seq_no" : 0,
"_primary_term" : 1
}
可以通过如下命令来查看所有索引的情况:
curl "localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v"
然后访问 Kibana,在后台就可以查询导入的内容:
Bulk
这里使用官方的样例数据:
wget https://download.elastic.co/demos/kibana/gettingstarted/accounts.zip
unzip accounts.zip
curl -XPOST 'localhost:9200/bank/account/_bulk?pretty' --data-binary @accounts.json
需要注意的是如果使用 Bulk 批量导入,那么格式需要按照:
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
....
action_and_meta_data\n
optional_source\n
或者可以在 Kibana 后台,点击侧边栏 Dev Tools,然后在编辑框中输入:
POST bank/_bulk
{"index":{"_id":"1"}}
{"account_number":1,"balance":39225,"firstname":"Amber","lastname":"Duke","age":32,"gender":"M","address":"880 Holmes Lane","employer":"Pyrami","email":"[email protected]","city":"Brogan","state":"IL"}
{"index":{"_id":"6"}}
{"account_number":6,"balance":5686,"firstname":"Hattie","lastname":"Bond","age":36,"gender":"M","address":"671 Bristol Street","employer":"Netagy","email":"[email protected]","city":"Dante","state":"TN"}
省略...
最后点击执行。
执行成功后,可以运行 curl localhost:9200/bank/_search
,如果返回值中 value
是导入的条数就表示成功了。
elasticsearch-dump
Logstash
Logstash 是开源的服务器端数据处理管道,能够同时从多个来源采集数据、转换数据,然后将数据发送到 Elasticsearch 中。Logstash 的官方文档请参见:https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/logstash/current/getting-started-with-logstash.html
reference
- <https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/docs-bulk.html